Water distribution system and its classification
Water distribution system is the distribution system where water delivers to consumers with appropriate quality, quantity and pressure. This facilities used to supply water from its source to the point of usage.
Requirement of good distribution system :
The distribution pipes are generally laid below the road pavement and such that their layout generally follow the layout of the road.
Generally 4 types of pipe networks are there which one of which either single or in combination.
1. Dead end system :
This system is generally suitable for old towns and cities having no different patterns of road. This system is other wise called as tree system.
Advantage :
This system is relatively cheap.
Due to less number of valve discharge and pressure are easy.
Disadvantage :
Due to many dead end stagnation of water occurs in pipes.
2.Radial system :
In this system area is divided into different zones and distribution reservoir are generally kept in the middle of the each zone.
Advantage :
It gives quick service.
Calculation of pipe size is easy due to the zones.
3. Grid iron system :
It is suitable for cities with rectangular layout where the water mains and branches are laid in rectangular.
Advantage :
Water is kept in the good circulation due to the absence of dead ends.
In the case of break down in some section, water is available from other direction.
Disadvantage :
Each circulation of pipe size is not possible due to provision of value on all branches.
4. Ring system :
The supply main is laid all along the peripheral roads and submain branches out from the mains. This system also follows the grid iron system with the flow pattern similar in character to that of dead end system.
Advantage :
Water is supplied to any point from at least two direction.
Requirement of good distribution system :
- It should be capable of supply water at all the place where planed with sufficient pressure.
- Water quality should not get worse in the distribution pipes.
- It should be capable of supplying water during fire fighting.
- The layout should be such that no consumer would be without water supply during repair of any section of the system.
- It should be fairly water tight as to keep losses due to leakage to the minimum.
The distribution pipes are generally laid below the road pavement and such that their layout generally follow the layout of the road.
Generally 4 types of pipe networks are there which one of which either single or in combination.
- Dead end system
- Radial system
- Grid iron system
- Ring system
1. Dead end system :
This system is generally suitable for old towns and cities having no different patterns of road. This system is other wise called as tree system.
Advantage :
This system is relatively cheap.
Due to less number of valve discharge and pressure are easy.
Disadvantage :
Due to many dead end stagnation of water occurs in pipes.
2.Radial system :
In this system area is divided into different zones and distribution reservoir are generally kept in the middle of the each zone.
Advantage :
It gives quick service.
Calculation of pipe size is easy due to the zones.
3. Grid iron system :
It is suitable for cities with rectangular layout where the water mains and branches are laid in rectangular.
Advantage :
Water is kept in the good circulation due to the absence of dead ends.
In the case of break down in some section, water is available from other direction.
Disadvantage :
Each circulation of pipe size is not possible due to provision of value on all branches.
4. Ring system :
The supply main is laid all along the peripheral roads and submain branches out from the mains. This system also follows the grid iron system with the flow pattern similar in character to that of dead end system.
Advantage :
Water is supplied to any point from at least two direction.
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