Distribution reservoir and its types
Distribution reservoir or service reservoirs, are the storage reservoirs which store the treated water during emergencies such as fires, repairs etc. And also maintain constant pressure in the distribution mains.
Location of distribution reservoir should be as close as possible to the center of demand. Water level in the reservoir must be at a sufficient elevation to permit gravity flow at an adequate pressure.
Types of reservoir :
Depending upon their elevation with respect to ground it may be classified into two categories.
1. Surface reservoirs :
These are also called as ground reservoir and mostly circular or rectangular tank.
These reservoir are constructed on high natural ground and are usually made of stone, bricks, plain or reinforced cement concrete.
The floor of these reservoirs may constructed with rcc slab or square stone blocks resting on columns.
At the top of roof about 60cm thick earth layer is deposited and maintained green lawns to protect the reservoir from cold and heat. For aeration of water and inspection ventilation pipes and stairs are provided.
2. Elevated reservoir :
Elevated reservoir are the storage reservoir refered to as overhead tanks required at distribution area which are not governed and controlled by the gravity system of distribution.
These are rectangular, circular or elliptical in shape and made up of steel or Rcc but now Rcc is prefered.
They were constructed where combined gravity and pumping system of water distribution is adopted.
The accessories of elevated reservoir are :
Location of distribution reservoir should be as close as possible to the center of demand. Water level in the reservoir must be at a sufficient elevation to permit gravity flow at an adequate pressure.
Types of reservoir :
Depending upon their elevation with respect to ground it may be classified into two categories.
- Surface reservoir
- Elevated reservoir
1. Surface reservoirs :
These are also called as ground reservoir and mostly circular or rectangular tank.
These reservoir are constructed on high natural ground and are usually made of stone, bricks, plain or reinforced cement concrete.
The floor of these reservoirs may constructed with rcc slab or square stone blocks resting on columns.
At the top of roof about 60cm thick earth layer is deposited and maintained green lawns to protect the reservoir from cold and heat. For aeration of water and inspection ventilation pipes and stairs are provided.
2. Elevated reservoir :
Elevated reservoir are the storage reservoir refered to as overhead tanks required at distribution area which are not governed and controlled by the gravity system of distribution.
These are rectangular, circular or elliptical in shape and made up of steel or Rcc but now Rcc is prefered.
They were constructed where combined gravity and pumping system of water distribution is adopted.
The accessories of elevated reservoir are :
- Inlet and outlet pipe, overflow pipe discharging into a drain.
- Float gause indicating depth of water.
- Automatic device to stop pumping when the tank is full.
- A manhole and ladder.
- Ventilation for circulation of fresh air.
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